الماضي البسيط Simple Past

في كل الجمل التي تكون بصيغة الماضي البسيط,يكون الفعل منتهياً ب d,ed,t
أمثلة:
play تصبح played
place تصبح placed
وتوجد أفعال شاذّة هذه قائمة بها من القاموس:

الكود:

    * be (pronounced /biː/)
          o Present: 1sg am (/æm/), 3sg is (/ɪz/), others are (/ɑː/)
          o Past: 1sg, 3sg was (/wɒz/, others were (/wɜː/)
          o Past participle: been (/biːn/

    * go (/ɡəʊ/)
          o Past: went
          o Past participle: gone (/ɡɒn/

    * do (/duː/)
          o Present: 3sg does (/dʌz/)
          o Past: did (/dɪd/)
          o Past participle: done (/dʌn/)

    * have (/hæv/)
          o Present: 3sg has (/hæz/)
          o Past: had (/hæd/)
          o Past participle: had (/hæd/)

    * say (/seɪ/)
          o Present: 3sg says (/sɛz/)
          o Past: said (/sɛd/)
          o Past participle: said

Common patterns of irregularity in the past tense include:

    * Change the vowel to ɔː (the THOUGHT vowel), orthographically represented by ough or augh, e.g.,
          o Present bring → Past, past participle brought
          o buy → bought
          o catch → caught
          o seek → sought
          o teach → taught
          o think → thought

    * Change the vowel to oʊ (the GOAT vowel or "long O"), orthographically represented by o with a word-final e, e.g.,
          o Present break → Past broke, Past participle broken
          o choose → chose, chosen
          o freeze → froze, frozen
          o speak → spoke, spoken
          o steal → stole, stolen

    * No change, e.g.,
          o Present bet → Past, past participle bet
          o bid → bid
          o burst → burst
          o cast → cast
          o cost → cost
          o cut → cut
          o fit → fit (esp. U.S.)
          o hit → hit
          o hurt → hurt
          o knit → knit
          o let → let
          o put → put
          o quit → quit
          o rid → rid
          o set → set
          o shed → shed
          o shut → shut
          o slit → slit
          o split → split
          o spread → spread
          o thrust → thrust


تكوين الجملة:
نأخذ جملة بالعربي:
الحمار يغرّد على الشّجرة هي مضارع.....ذهب الطفل إلى المدرسة
نضعها بالترتيب التالي:
الفاعل فعل المفعول
الطفل ذهب إلى المدرسة
نترجم حرفيا
The = ال
Child = طفل
went = ذهب
to =إلى
school = المدرسة
مبروك عليك إذا فهمت قول
شكراً